Dilip Simeon’s essay takes us back to the tumultuous period in Indian Labour History i.e 1937-1939 when for the first time Congress acquired power at the Provincial level under the Government of Indian Act of 1935. This crucial period saw an upsurge in popular movements of peasants, workers and other groups whose diverse aspirations were to be represented by the newly formed Congress Governments. Following on the prolonged effects of the Great Depression and waves of rationalisation, there was a spate of labour protests which affected industries all over India, especially in the provinces where Congress was in power. Dr. Simeon takes up the case of alleged strike breaking activity by adivasi workers in a Tatanagar Foundry and weaves in the story of the labour movement of the region where nationalists of various shades, radicals and regional leaders competed for the labour constituency.