In may view a compulsion to sing the Saraswati Vandana would violate the fundamental rights under Article 19 (1) (a) and Article 25, not only of Muslim students but also of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain students who have a conscientious objection to idol worship. Article 25 which guarantees freedom of conscience and the right to practice religion, is in the words of the Supreme Court in Emmanuels’ case "an article of faith in the Constitution, incorporated in recognition of the principle that the real test of a true democracy is the ability of even an insignificant minority to find its identity under the country’s Constitution.


