in 2006, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh resolved to publicly take stock of the conditions of India’s largest religious minority, the Muslims, and appointed for this a High Level Committee chaired by Justice Sachar. For decades, India’s largest opposition party, the BJP, had denounced what they alleged to be a ‘pseudo-secular’ policy of ‘appeasement’ of Indian Muslims, in pursuit of ‘vote-bank’ politics. The report of this Committee lay to rest this long-orchestrated political untruth, by demonstrating that on most socio-economic indicators, the average condition of Muslims in India was comparable to, or even worse than the country’s acknowledged historically most disadvantaged communities, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This was evidence not of favoured treatment, but cumulative and comprehensive official discrimination and neglect. Therefore the constitution of this Committee by the Prime Minister was in itself was an act of political sagacity and courage. But, as we will observe, the government has displayed lack of nerve and loss of the same courage and conviction when called upon to address the development deficits in the Muslim community which were diagnosed by the Sachar Committee.